{"id":270,"date":"2024-05-07T12:41:18","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T10:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/?p=270"},"modified":"2024-05-07T12:41:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T10:41:20","slug":"13-tradition-et-innovation-la-fin-du-xveme-siecle-en-italie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/07\/13-tradition-et-innovation-la-fin-du-xveme-siecle-en-italie\/","title":{"rendered":"13 Tradition et innovation : la fin du XV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle en Italie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Source : The Story of Art \u2013 Gombrich, E.H<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019id\u00e9e que<strong> l\u2019art n\u2019\u00e9tait pas limit\u00e9 au r\u00e9cit \u00e9mouvant d\u2019un th\u00e8me sacr\u00e9,<\/strong> mais qu\u2019il pouvait r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir une part quelconque du monde visible, passionnait peintres et m\u00e9c\u00e8nes. Un peu partout les artistes se mirent \u00e0 exp\u00e9rimenter.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A la fin du Moyen-Age, les villes marchandes et leurs bourgeois contrebalan\u00e7aient le pouvoir f\u00e9odal : chaque cit\u00e9 avait un orgueil jaloux de son rang et de ses privil\u00e8ges. <strong>Les artistes s\u2019organis\u00e8rent en corporation,<\/strong> se prot\u00e9geant des membres venus du dehors. C\u2019est la fin de l\u2019\u00e8re commune, du <strong>style gothique international<\/strong>. Le XV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle a \u00e9t\u00e9 celui de la <strong>formation des \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9coles\u00a0\u00bb,<\/strong> propres \u00e0 chaque ville. Et les jeunes artistes apprenaient au contact des maitres anciens, permettant la transmission du style propre de l\u2019\u00e9cole.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple \u00e0 Florence, la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui suivit <strong>Brunelleschi, Donatello et Masaccio<\/strong>, exploita leurs d\u00e9couvertes en les adaptant au besoin de construction des maisons et palais de ville : ce fut donc un compromis entre la maison m\u00e9di\u00e9vale avec murs et fen\u00eatres, et les formes classiques introduites par Brunelleschi. <strong>Ainsi le m\u00e9lange d\u2019ancien et de nouveau, de traditions gothiques et de formes modernes (classiques) a \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin de ce si\u00e8cle.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e890b0586ca&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"789\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"272\" src=\"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/810210.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/810210.jpeg 610w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/810210-232x300.jpeg 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Leon Battista Alberti &#8211; Le palais Rucellai (vers 1460)<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e890b058b49&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2558\" height=\"2119\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Facade_de_la_basilique_Saint-Andre_de_Mantoue_realisee_par_Leon_Alberti.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Facade_de_la_basilique_Saint-Andre_de_Mantoue_realisee_par_Leon_Alberti.jpeg 2558w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Facade_de_la_basilique_Saint-Andre_de_Mantoue_realisee_par_Leon_Alberti-300x249.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Facade_de_la_basilique_Saint-Andre_de_Mantoue_realisee_par_Leon_Alberti-1024x848.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Facade_de_la_basilique_Saint-Andre_de_Mantoue_realisee_par_Leon_Alberti-768x636.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Facade_de_la_basilique_Saint-Andre_de_Mantoue_realisee_par_Leon_Alberti-1536x1272.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Facade_de_la_basilique_Saint-Andre_de_Mantoue_realisee_par_Leon_Alberti-2048x1697.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Facade_de_la_basilique_Saint-Andre_de_Mantoue_realisee_par_Leon_Alberti-1140x944.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2558px) 100vw, 2558px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Leon Battista Alberti &#8211; San Andrea de Mantoue (vers 1460)<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais les artistes rencontr\u00e8rent <strong>de nouveaux probl\u00e8mes.<\/strong> L\u2019art n\u2019est pas la science, et le progr\u00e8s technique de la science de la perspective et de l\u2019\u00e9tude de la nature ont <strong>ouvert de nouveaux inconnus<\/strong>. Les artistes du Moyen-Age ne poss\u00e9daient pas les principes d\u2019un dessin correct et cette insuffisance leur donnait plus de libert\u00e9 dans la disposition des figures\u2026 Mais d\u00e9sormais, dans le monde r\u00e9el qu\u2019on voulait retranscrire, les \u00eatres et objets \u00e9taient rarement assembl\u00e9s en groupe harmonieux, <strong>ainsi l\u2019unit\u00e9 d\u2019une oeuvre \u00e9tait rendue compliqu\u00e9e par le nouveau savoir de l\u2019artiste. De plus, il fallait que les oeuvres expriment toujours le texte sacr\u00e9. <\/strong>On ne pouvait plus revenir en arri\u00e8re. C\u2019est en trouvant la solution \u00e0 ces probl\u00e8mes que l\u2019art italien, une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration plus tard, atteignit ses plus hauts sommets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e890b0595fe&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"931\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/p-della-f-la-flagellation-v-1455.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/p-della-f-la-flagellation-v-1455.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/p-della-f-la-flagellation-v-1455-300x218.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/p-della-f-la-flagellation-v-1455-1024x745.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/p-della-f-la-flagellation-v-1455-768x559.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/p-della-f-la-flagellation-v-1455-1140x829.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Piero della Francesca &#8211; Flagellation du Christ (vers 1460)<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e890b059a98&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1448\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/San_Romano_Battle_Paolo_Uccello_London_01.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/San_Romano_Battle_Paolo_Uccello_London_01.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/San_Romano_Battle_Paolo_Uccello_London_01-300x170.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/San_Romano_Battle_Paolo_Uccello_London_01-1024x579.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/San_Romano_Battle_Paolo_Uccello_London_01-768x434.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/San_Romano_Battle_Paolo_Uccello_London_01-1536x869.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/San_Romano_Battle_Paolo_Uccello_London_01-2048x1158.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/San_Romano_Battle_Paolo_Uccello_London_01-1140x645.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Paolo Uccello &#8211; La bataille de San Romano (vers 1450)<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Source : The Story of Art \u2013 Gombrich, E.H<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source : The Story of Art \u2013 Gombrich, E.H L\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019art n\u2019\u00e9tait pas limit\u00e9 au r\u00e9cit \u00e9mouvant d\u2019un th\u00e8me sacr\u00e9, mais qu\u2019il pouvait r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir une part quelconque du monde visible, passionnait peintres et m\u00e9c\u00e8nes. Un peu partout les artistes se mirent \u00e0 exp\u00e9rimenter.&nbsp; A la fin du Moyen-Age, les villes marchandes et leurs bourgeois contrebalan\u00e7aient le pouvoir f\u00e9odal : chaque cit\u00e9 avait un orgueil jaloux de son rang et de ses privil\u00e8ges. Les artistes s\u2019organis\u00e8rent en corporation, se prot\u00e9geant des membres venus du dehors. C\u2019est la fin de l\u2019\u00e8re commune, du style gothique international. Le XV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle a \u00e9t\u00e9 celui de la formation des \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9coles\u00a0\u00bb, propres \u00e0 chaque ville. Et les jeunes artistes apprenaient au contact des maitres anciens, permettant la transmission du style propre de l\u2019\u00e9cole.\u00a0 Par exemple \u00e0 Florence, la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui suivit Brunelleschi, Donatello et Masaccio, exploita leurs d\u00e9couvertes en les adaptant au besoin de construction des maisons et palais de ville : ce fut donc un compromis entre la maison m\u00e9di\u00e9vale avec murs et fen\u00eatres, et les formes classiques introduites par Brunelleschi. Ainsi le m\u00e9lange d\u2019ancien et de nouveau, de traditions gothiques et de formes modernes (classiques) a \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin de ce si\u00e8cle. Mais les artistes rencontr\u00e8rent de nouveaux probl\u00e8mes. L\u2019art n\u2019est pas la science, et le progr\u00e8s technique de la science de la perspective et de l\u2019\u00e9tude de la nature ont ouvert de nouveaux inconnus. Les artistes du Moyen-Age ne poss\u00e9daient pas les principes d\u2019un dessin correct et cette insuffisance leur donnait plus de libert\u00e9 dans la disposition des figures\u2026 Mais d\u00e9sormais, dans le monde r\u00e9el qu\u2019on voulait retranscrire, les \u00eatres et objets \u00e9taient rarement assembl\u00e9s en groupe harmonieux, ainsi l\u2019unit\u00e9 d\u2019une oeuvre \u00e9tait rendue compliqu\u00e9e par le nouveau savoir de l\u2019artiste. De plus, il fallait que les oeuvres expriment toujours le texte sacr\u00e9. On ne pouvait plus revenir en arri\u00e8re. C\u2019est en trouvant la solution \u00e0 ces probl\u00e8mes que l\u2019art italien, une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration plus tard, atteignit ses plus hauts sommets. Source : The Story of Art \u2013 Gombrich, E.H<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[11,10,13],"class_list":["post-270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-art-history","tag-gombrich","tag-histoire-de-lart","tag-history-of-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=270"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":278,"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/270\/revisions\/278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valeryparis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}